Process of controlling a device for diagnosing and monitoring individual activity, conditions, and diet

ABSTRACT

Scrupulous mathematical analysis of officially recognized results of approved medical research had allowed to establish dependence of personal heart beats on individual metabolic rate related to the person&#39;s weight, height, age, gender, medical treatment, blood pressure, as well as heart rate at rest, and led to deriving a process for a device continuously converting personal pulse into trustworthy estimates of instantaneous physical or mental stress, blood pressure, and metabolic, instead of uncertain mechanical, energy.

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENT

5,810,736 B1 September 1998 Pail 600/500 5,807,267 D1 September 1998Bryars et al. 600/500 6,095,984 B1 August 2000 Amano et al. 600/5009,597,004 B2 March 2017 Hughes et al. A61B 5/0468 (20130101) 6,580,942B1 June 2003 Willshire 600/509 9,566,007 B2 February 2017 McCombie etal. A61B 5/0205 (20130101) 6,042,549 B1 March 2000 Amano et al. 600/5009,566,010 B2 February 2017 Chu A61B 5/02438 (20130101) 9,430,615 B2August 2016 Michaelis et al. A61B 5/02438 (20130101)

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

-   “Cardiac Output”, Wikipedia,    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output-   “Mean Arterial Pressure”, Wikipedia,    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_arterial_pressure-   “Metabolic Equivalent”, Wikipedia,    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_equivalent-   James L. Holly, MD “Aging Well. Part III: Basal Metabolism Rates”,    Southeast Texas Medical Associates, L.L.P.,    http://www.setma.com/Your-Life-Your-Health/pdfs/Aging-Well-Part-III.pdf-   “Basal. Metabolic Rite”, Wikipedia,    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate-   Mifflin, M D; St Jeor, S T; Hill, L A; Scott, B J; Daugherty, S A;    Koh, Y O (1990). “A new predictive equation for resting energy    expenditure in healthy individuals”. The American journal of    clinical nutrition 51 (2): 241-7.-   “Human Body Weight”, Wikipedia,    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Accurate diagnosis of a personal level of overload activity is requiredbesides obvious sports and medical applications in stressful situationsin order to prevent them. Activity estimation is based on the heart rateand there are two major currently existing heart rate monitors HRM:wrist-based and chest-strap. The very earliest technical solutions forplaced over the carpal tunnel wrist pulse monitor with infra-red sensorto pick up the flow of blood therein and radio frequency transmitter totransfer data to a display unit which processes it and displays pulse iscited in U.S. Pat. No. 5,810,736 B1. Quite elegant assembly of wristpulse monitor with additional piezoelectric sensing elements toeliminate power drain from light emitting diode (LED) and thus morecomplete noise reduction resulting in improved reading accuracy isproposed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,267 B1.

A more sophisticated digital apparatus for detecting arrhythmia byanalyzing the continuity of change in pulse waveform is suggested inU.S. Pat. No. 6,095,984 B1. Incorporated into device body motiondetection means allow accurate arrhythmia monitoring. This device isdeveloped to a higher degree in U.S. Pat. No. 9,597,004 B2 whereadvanced technological solution allows two-way communication with aserver configured and monitored by a cardiologist in case the userinitiated the trigger. Device configuration aims constant heart rate andEKG data collection mostly for diagnostic or intense care purposes.Change of patient condition due to aging or new medication prescriptionrequires new appointments and server update. Moreover, amount ofvolunteers wishing to be monitored by same cardiologist is limited,while provided service could be expensive.

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,580,942 B1 a chest apparatus for detecting anactivity of a human heart operates on proposed circuit which analyzessignals received from the sensors and upon determination that suchsignals are of electrographic nature, i.e. derived from heart beats,generates an alert. This invention is best for patient monitoring beforeduring and after surgical or medical treatment at the hospital. Such anapproach is further advanced in U.S. Pat. No. 9,566,007 B2, whichproposes a method that is based on a wearable device for continuouslyand accurately monitoring ECG and photo-plethysmograph waveform todetermine a patient's vital signs. Wrist and chest detectors comprisingan analyzer module and blood pressure measuring by pulse transmit timetechnique require multiple electrodes attached to the patient's chest.This ultimately restricts the movement capability of the user but makesthe device a valuable addition to an operation room.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,042,549 B1 is disclosing a personal device for measuringexercise intensity and quantity based on the user pulse, of which limitsare computed and set up from preliminary test of maximum oxygenconsumption rate. This method and device is rather for professionalathletes undergoing intense training and being observed by qualifiedmedical personnel. A method for monitoring a cardiac status duringintense exercise is suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 9,566,010 B2 where theproposed algorithm is based on or related to cardiac output cardio forceindex normalized to cardiac force index at walking. Such training (orself-training) apparatus functionality fully depends on measuredacceleration during walking, input weight of the user, and presetmaximum activity level. Unfortunately, definitions of neitheracceleration during walking with constant speed, nor individual maximumactivity level are specified.

U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,615 B2 depicts a device that goes beyond the scopeof a wearable monitor. It is a personal phone that plays music or videosconfigured to utilize measured by two electrodes EKG signals andmonitoring method for detecting heart rate anomalies in the backgroundduring use and alerting proper authorities in case irregularity occurs.The shortcoming of the device is that it does not take into account thedistinctiveness of each user heart rate based on upon their medicalhistory. Therefore, the definition of “anomaly” is not personal andcould result in many false positives.

In general, none of the existing heart rate monitoring devices iscapable of predicting personal level of dangerous activity and alarm theuser of its approach. Moreover, closely related to pulse issues such ascontinuous blood pressure and metabolic rate estimations have never beena features of any heart rate monitoring device.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Analytically developed method relates instantaneous metabolic and heartrates and targets its application either for a new or existing butpaired device capable of measuring individual's pulse.

The proposed method allows evaluation of a personal heart rate and bloodpressure at over stressed, or maximum permitted physical or mentalactivity for an individual of a given build, fit, age, gender medicaltreatment, and heart rate at rest.

Incorporating the proposed method device(s) with automatically updatedor manually reset personal input and instantaneous heart rate cancontinuously

-   -   compare it with the individual heart rate at maximum activity        (over stressed zone) and issues warnings in order to avoid        dangerous unhealthy situations;    -   estimate and save blood pressure data with the option of        transferring it to an authorized party;    -   compute user energy consumption and estimate amount of daily        weight loss or gain; thus, monitoring three f the most crucial        health issues—individual activity, medical conditions, and        dieting—have never been presented together in one device        suitable for any adult and surely helpful for any physician.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1A to 1B. Flow Chart Diagram for continuous diagnosing dangerousand monitoring personal heart rate (activity mode) and blood pressure(personal condition mode) along with the warnings of approachingoverstress zone and metabolic rate evaluation (diet mode).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A: Definitions

The following definitions are useful in understanding the process ofmetabolism and its relation to instantaneous heart rate.

-   -   HRR is heart rate at rest measured in beat/min;    -   HRMA is heart rate at maximum allowed activity measured in        beat/min;    -   HR is heart rate at some activity measured in beats/min;    -   PHRI is percentage of heart rate increase compared to heart rate        at rest;    -   M is mass (weight) of an individual measured in Kg;    -   IW is ideal weight of an individual measured in Kg;    -   H is height of the individual measured in m(eters);    -   AGE is the age of individual measured in y(ears);    -   MRMA is metabolic rate at maximum allowed activity measured in        MET;    -   PMRMA is personal mean metabolic rate at maximum activity        measured in MET;    -   BMRS is basal metabolic rate standard, measured in Kcal/day;    -   BMR is individual metabolic rate measure in MET;    -   SBPR is systolic blood pressure at rest measured in mm Hg;    -   DBPR is diastolic blood pressure at rest measure in mm Hg;    -   MAP is mean arterial pressure measured in mm Hg;    -   CO is cardiac output measured in Liter/min;    -   R is total peripheral resistance of pulmonary system measured in        (mm Hg)*min/Liter;    -   SV is stroke volume measured in Liter/beat;    -   G is gender equal +5 for adult male and −161 for an adult        female;    -   A is ideal weight constant equal 50 for male and 45.4 for a        female;    -   PIMR is personal instantaneous metabolic rate measured in        Kcal/min    -   RDEC is required daily energy consumption measured in Kcal/day    -   PFE is provided by food (and alcohol) energy during the day        measured in Kcal/day

B: Development of Relevant Solutions

In order to function, the body needs energy which is coming from oxygendelivered by blood flow, called cardiac output CO. Hence, energyconsumption has to be proportional to cardiac output.

There are two basic equations involving CO:

$\begin{matrix}{{CO} = {{SV}*{HR}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right) \\{{CO} = \frac{MAP}{R}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right)\end{matrix}$and

Since individual stroke volume SV is a constant parameter and differentactivities definitely require different cardiac output, energyconsumption (or metabolic rate at maximum activity MRMA) according toEq.1 has to obey proportion

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{MRMA}{PMRMA} = \frac{HRMA}{HRR}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right)\end{matrix}$

Metabolic rate is measured in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) whichis a physiological measure expressing the energy cost of physicalactivities:

${1\mspace{14mu}{MET}} = {1\mspace{14mu}\frac{Kcal}{{kg} \cdot {hr}}}$

Physical activity MET Light intensity activities <3 Sleeping 0.9watching television 1.0 writing, desk work, typing 1.5 walking, 1.7 mph(2.7 km/h), level ground, strolling, very slow 2.3 walking, 2.5 mph (4km/h) 2.9 Moderate intensity activities 3 to 6 bicycling, stationary, 50watts, very light effort 3.0 walking 3.0 mph (4.8 km/h) 3.3calisthenics, home exercise, light or moderate effort, general 3.5walking 3.4 mph (5.5 km/h) 3.6 bicycling, <10 mph (16 km/h), leisure, towork or for pleasure 4.0 bicycling, stationary, 100 watts, light effort5.5 sexual activity 5.8 Vigorous intensity activities >6 jogging,general 7.0 calisthenics (e.g. pushups, situps, pullups, jumping jacks),heavy, 8.0 vigorous effort running jogging, in place 8.0 rope jumping10.0Conservative estimate of dangerous activity MRMA=0.6 MET.

According to James L. Holly, MD the best metabolic rate is observed foradults at the age of 20 with its average reduction by 4% every decadefor males and 3% for females for whom metabolic rate is 13% lower thanfor males. Further analysis of data presented in this publicationreveals the following expression for metabolic rate at maximum activity:

$\begin{matrix}{{{MRMA}({MET})} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{6*0.96^{\frac{{AGE} - 20}{10}}} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{male}} \\{5.2*0.97^{\frac{{AGE} - 20}{10}}} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{female}}\end{matrix} \right.} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 4} \right)\end{matrix}$

Personal metabolic rate of an individual PMRMA is the amount of energythe body needs to function at a maximum activity with resting heart rateHRR. PMRMA can be defined from individual metabolic rate BMR which isthe number of Kcal required by a given body to support vital functionsfor the entire day while at rest. The currently accepted standard forbasal metabolic rate BMRS of a healthy individual of ideal weight IW iscalculated using the Mufflin-St.Jeor equation:

$\begin{matrix}{{{BMRS}\mspace{14mu}\left( \frac{Kcal}{day} \right)} = {{10*{IW}} + {625*H} - {4.92*{AGE}} + G}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 5} \right)\end{matrix}$Ideal weight divine equation IW(Kg)=A+90.55·(H−1.524)  (Eq.6)

where constant

$A = \left\{ {{\begin{matrix}{50.0\mspace{14mu}{for}\mspace{14mu}{men}} \\{45.5\mspace{14mu}{for}\mspace{14mu}{women}}\end{matrix}\mspace{14mu}{while}\mspace{14mu}{gender}\mspace{14mu} G} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{+ 5} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{men}} \\{- 161} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{women}}\end{matrix} \right.} \right.$

Conversion into metabolic equivalent of task MET reveals expression

             (Eq.  7)${{BMRS}\mspace{14mu}({MET})} = \frac{{10 \cdot \left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack} + {625 \cdot H} - {4.92 \cdot {AGE}} + G}{24 \cdot \left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack}$

Normalization of individual metabolic rate BMR to the standard one BMRS(the same person would have in case of being in a perfect health)requires two corrections for:

-   -   actual weight M (Kg) leading to coefficient

$\frac{BMR}{DMRS} = \frac{M}{A + 90.55 - \left( {{II} - 1.524} \right)}$and

-   -   blood pressure (mean arterial blood pressure MAP) which, in        assumption of constant peripheral resistance of pulmonary system        R and in accordance with Eq.2, provides

$\frac{BMR}{BMRS} = \frac{{MAP}_{actual}}{{MAP}_{desired}}$

In general, mean arterial pressure can be defined as

$\begin{matrix}{{MAP} = {{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right){\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 8} \right)\end{matrix}$

For desired blood pressure at 120×80 mm Hg, the second correctioncoefficient can be defined as

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{BMR}{BMRS} = \frac{{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}{80 + {0.01\left( {120 - 80} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 9} \right)\end{matrix}$

Thus, the equation for BMR measured in MET becomes:

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{670mu}{\left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 10} \right){{BMR} = {M*\frac{{10 \cdot \left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack} + {625 \cdot H} - {4.92 \cdot {AGE}} + G}{24 \cdot \left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}*\frac{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01{\left( {{SBRP} - {DBPR}} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01{\left( {120 - 80} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}} \right\rbrack}}}}} & \;\end{matrix}$

The mean metabolic rate for above average physical work/exercise) PMRMAis usually 2.4 times higher than BMR, or measured in MET

            (Eq.  11) ${PMRMA} = {M*\frac{A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)} + {62.5 \cdot H} - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.1 \cdot G}}{\left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}*\frac{{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}{80 + {0.01\left( {120 - 80} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}}$

Hence, as it follows from Eq.3 dangerous (maximum allowable) heart ratecan be evaluated as:

            (Eq.  12a) ${HRMA} = \frac{\begin{matrix}{6*0.96^{\frac{{AGE} - 20}{10}}*{HRR}*\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01{\left( {120 - 80} \right) \cdot}}} \right.} \\{\left. {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)} \right\rbrack*\left\lbrack {50 + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}\end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01{\left( {{SBPR} - {DPBR}} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}} \right\rbrack*} \\{\left\lbrack {50 + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)} + {62.5 \cdot H} - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.1 \cdot 5}} \right\rbrack \cdot M}\end{matrix}}$for men and

            (12b) ${HRMA} = \frac{\begin{matrix}{5.2*0.97^{\frac{{AGE} - 20}{10}}*{HRR}*\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01{\left( {120 - 80} \right) \cdot}}} \right.} \\{\left. {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)} \right\rbrack*\left\lbrack {45.5 + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}\end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01{\left( {{SBPR} - {DPBR}} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}}} \right\rbrack*\left\lbrack {45.5 +} \right.} \\{\left. {{90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)} + {62.5 \cdot H} - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} - {0.1 \cdot 161}} \right\rbrack \cdot M}\end{matrix}}$for women.

This equation allows to define percentage of heart rate increase atmaximum activity for a person taking no medications for changing bloodpressure and pulse

$\begin{matrix}{{PHRI} = \frac{{HRMA} - {HRR}}{HRR}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 13} \right)\end{matrix}$

In case medication sets up different heart rate at rest, the limit ofdangerous activity should be computed as

$\begin{matrix}{{HRMA}_{{with}\mspace{14mu}{medication}} = {{HRR}_{{with}\mspace{14mu}{medication}} \cdot \left\lbrack {1 + \left( \frac{{HRMA} - {HRR}}{HRR} \right)_{{without}\mspace{14mu}{medication}}} \right\rbrack}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 14} \right)\end{matrix}$

Based on the fact that systolic cycle is two times shorter ban thediastolic one there is another expression for mean arterial bloodpressure:

$\begin{matrix}{{MAP} = {{DBP} + \frac{{SBP} - {DBP}}{3}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 15} \right)\end{matrix}$where DBP and SBP are current diastolic and systolic blood pressurerespectively.

Hence, Eq.8 and Eq.15 reveal equation

$\begin{matrix}{{{DBP} + \frac{{SBP} - {DBP}}{3}} = {{DBPR} + {0.01 \cdot \left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 16} \right)\end{matrix}$where HR is heart rate at a given activity

Under the assumption that the ratio of systolic blood pressure todiastolic blood pressure remains the same under any activity

$\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} - \frac{SBP}{DBP}$solution of Eq.16 is:

$\begin{matrix}{{{SBP} = {{SBPR} \cdot \frac{3 + {0.03 \cdot \left( {\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} - 1} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}}{\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} + 2}}}{{DBP} = {{DBPR} \cdot \frac{3 + {0.03 \cdot \left( {\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} - 1} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}}{\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} + 2}}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 17} \right)\end{matrix}$with three related to discussed subject consequences:

-   -   State of rest (SBP=SBPR and HR=HRR) does not depend on blood        pressure and can be defined as heart rate

${HRR} = {\frac{40.74}{4.14 + {\ln\; 0.03}} \cong {64\mspace{14mu}{beats}\text{/}{\min.}}}$

-   -    This number, in case no-medication-heart-rate is known or        recalled, can be used for computing heart rate at maximum        activity in Eqs.12a and 12b and further in Eq.14 for computing        maximum allowed heart rate HRMA for a user taken prescription        drug;    -   Pulse is an indicator of blood pressure, of which a dangerous        level could be estimated as

$\begin{matrix}{{{SBPMA} = {{SBPR} \cdot \frac{3 + {0.03{\left( {\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} - 1} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRMA}} \right)}}}}{\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} + 2}}}{{DBPMA} = {{SBPMA} \cdot \frac{DBPR}{SBPR}}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 18} \right)\end{matrix}$

-   -   Personal instantaneous metabolic rate PIMR, or, measured in Kcal        per minute, required for current activity energy, can be        estimated by continuously (every minute) monitoring heart rate        in accordance with modified Eq.10 as follows

$\begin{matrix}{{PIMR} = {M^{2}*\frac{A - 138 + {153.05 \cdot H} - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.1 \cdot G}}{144 \cdot \left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}*\frac{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01\left( {120 - 80} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 19} \right)\end{matrix}$

Replacement of instantaneous heart rate HR in the above equation bydaily average heart rate

$\overset{\_}{HR} = \frac{{HRR} + {HRMA}}{2}$leads to evaluation of required daily energy consumption RDEC as

$\begin{matrix}{{RDEC} = {10*M^{2}*\frac{A - 138 + {153.05 \cdot H} - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.1 \cdot G}}{\left\lbrack {A + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}*\frac{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{\overset{\_}{HR}}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01\left( {120 - 80} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 20} \right)\end{matrix}$

Further comparison of its value with actually provided by food energyPFE allows to watch over or improve personal diet. On average,carbohydrates (sugars and starches) and proteins provide approximately 4Kcal/g, lipids (fats) produce 9 Kcal/g, and the oxidation of alcoholproduces 7 Kcal/g. Thus, daily balance evaluation could be in favor ofgain, loss, or stable weight:

$\quad\left\{ \begin{matrix}{{PFE} > {RDEC}} & {{means}\mspace{14mu}{gaining}} & {\left( \frac{{PFE} - {RDEC}}{9} \right)\mspace{14mu}{gramms}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{fat}} \\{{RDEC} > {PFE}} & {{means}\mspace{14mu}{losing}} & {\left( \frac{{RDEC} - {PFE}}{9} \right)\mspace{14mu}{gramms}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{fat}} \\{{PFE} = {RDEC}} & {means} & {{breaking}\mspace{14mu}{even}}\end{matrix} \right.$

TABLE Flow Chart Diagram for Personal Activity, Conditions, and DietDiagnosing and Monitoring   Personal Input  1. Start and Set  2. Inputof user at device activation or reset:    birth date DOB (month, year)converted into     $\quad\begin{matrix}{{A{GE}} = {{{current}\mspace{14mu}{year}\mspace{11mu}\frac{{number}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{current}\mspace{14mu}{month}}{12}} - {{DOB}\mspace{14mu}{year}\mspace{11mu}\frac{{number}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{DOB}\mspace{14mu}{year}\mspace{14mu}{month}}{12}}}} \\{{{automatically}\mspace{14mu}{updated}\mspace{14mu}{monthly}\mspace{14mu}{by}\mspace{14mu}{adding}\mspace{14mu}\frac{1}{12}\mspace{14mu}{to}\mspace{14mu}{former}\mspace{14mu}{age}\mspace{14mu}{estimate}};}\end{matrix}$    ${{gender}\mspace{14mu}\left( {{male} - {female}} \right)\mspace{14mu}{defined}\mspace{20mu}{as}\mspace{14mu} G} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}0 & {{{for}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{male}}\;} \\1 & {{for}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{female}}\end{matrix};} \right.$    ${{{height}\mspace{14mu}\left( {{Feet} - {Inches}} \right)\mspace{14mu}{computed}\mspace{14mu}{as}\mspace{14mu} H} = \frac{{Inches} + {{Feet}*12}}{2.54}};$   weigh (Pounds) computed as M = 0.453 · Pounds and updated either fromthe diet output automatically, or from    reset manually;    medicaltreatment (if medication capable of affecting blood pressure is taken)and blood pressure:  3. If a choice is N(o)  4. If a Y(es) followsprevious N(o)  5. If a choice is Y(es)  6. Input of user systolicSBPR_(I) and diastolic DBPR_(I) blood pressure at rest withoutmedication in mm Hg  7. Input of user current systolic SBPR anddiastolic DBPR blood pressure at rest in mm Hg:    if medication choiceis N(o) then SBPR_(I) = SBPR and DBPR_(I) = DBPR;    if medicationchoice is Y(es) after N(o) then previously input numbers for SBPR_(I)and DBPR_(I) remain the same    while new input for SBPR and DBPR isrequired;    if medication choice is Y(es), then all four numbers knownto a user have to be input  8. Estimation of personal heart rate at restand at maximum activity (overstressed zone):    The final step of devicepersonalization is wearing it over the sleep time when heart beat sensorkeeps the    first count 1C and compares it with the next NC defining Δ= NC − 1C. If Δ is negative or zero then NC is    saved as previouscount PC, otherwise it is 1C. The whole process is repeated by comparingPC with NC    until Δ = NC − PC remains zero for 30 minutes. The definedlowest pulse LP is user current heart rate at rest HRR.    It is savedas heart rate at rest without medication HRR_(I) satisfying choices N(o)and Y(es) after N(o).    In case of choice Y(es) either manual (ifknown) or automatic (default 64) input of HRR_(I) is required.  9. Heartrate at maximum activity without medication is computed as   ${HRMA}_{I} = \frac{\begin{matrix}{\left\lbrack {{6*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {5.2*G}} \right\rbrack*\left\lbrack {{0.96*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {0.97*G}} \right\rbrack^{\frac{{AGE} - 20}{10}}*{HRR}_{I}*} \\{\left\{ {80 + {0.4*{\exp\left\lbrack {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{{HRR}_{I}}} \right\rbrack}}} \right\}*\left\lbrack {{50*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {45.5*G} + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}\end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix}{\left\{ {({DBPR}) + {0.01*\left\lbrack {({SBPR}) - ({DBPR})} \right\rbrack*{\exp\left\lbrack {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{{HRR}_{I}}} \right\rbrack}}} \right\}*} \\{\left\lbrack {{50*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {45.5*G} + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)} + {62.5 \cdot H} - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.5*\left( {1 - G} \right)} - {16.1*G}} \right\rbrack \cdot M}\end{matrix}}$   ${{while}\mspace{14mu}{user}\mspace{14mu}{current}\mspace{14mu}{heart}\mspace{14mu}{rate}\mspace{14mu}{maximum}\mspace{14mu}{activity}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{is}\mspace{14mu}{defined}\mspace{14mu}{as}\mspace{14mu}{HRMA}} = {{HRR}*{\frac{{HRMA}_{I}}{{HRR}_{I}}.}}$10. Calculation and storage of systolic blood pressure prediction atdangerous activity  ${SBPMA} = {{SBPR} \cdot \frac{3 + {0.03 \cdot \left( {\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} - 1} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRMA}} \right)}}}{\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} + 2}}$ Calculation and storage of diastolic blood pressure prediction atdangerous activity   ${DBPMA} = {{SBPMA} \cdot \frac{DBPR}{SBPR}}$ 1.Reset can be generated automatically or manually with the option to keepor change information of any prompt.  Each reset is followed bycomparison of systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and afterreset in order to  evaluate development of health conditions.  PersonalOutput/Monitoring  is based on constantly measured instantaneous heartrate HR  In case procedure is interrupted HR = HRR. This data issimultaneously used for three monitoring modes: 11. Activity: continuouscomputation of ΔHR = HRMA − HR. If ΔHR value becomes zero or negative asound and   flashing displayed values of SBP and DBP are activated. 12.Condition: continuous assessment of instantaneous systolic and diastolicblood pressure    $\quad\begin{matrix}{{SBP} = {{SBPR} \cdot \frac{3 + {0.03{\left( {\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} - 1} \right) \cdot {\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}}}{\frac{SBPR}{DBPR} + 2}}} \\{{DBP} = {{SBP} \cdot \frac{DBPR}{SBPR}}}\end{matrix}$   Minutely computed blood pressure is stored in modememory and accessible upon demand. Every 24 hours all   stored data canbe transmitted (optional) to a user or authorized party computer and isdeleted from the memory. 13. Diet: computed required daily energyconsumption    ${RDEC} = {10*M^{2}*\frac{\begin{matrix}{{50*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {45.5*G} - 138 + {153.05 \cdot}} \\{H - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.5*\left( {1 - G} \right)} - {16.1*G}}\end{matrix}}{\left\lbrack {{50*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {45.4*G} + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}*\frac{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{\overset{\_}{HR}}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01\left( {120 - 80} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}}$  ${{where}\mspace{14mu}{daily}\mspace{14mu}{mean}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{heart}\mspace{14mu}{rate}\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{defined}\mspace{14mu}{as}\mspace{14mu}\overset{\_}{HR}} = \frac{{HRR} + {HRMA}}{2}$  is compared with daily energy consumption DEC obtained by adding forconsequent 24 hours values of minute energy   consumption MEC estimatedas   ${MEC} = {M^{2}*\frac{\begin{matrix}{{50*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {45.5*G} - 138 + {153.05 \cdot}} \\{H - {0.492 \cdot {AGE}} + {0.5*\left( {1 - G} \right)} - {16.1*G}}\end{matrix}}{144*\left\lbrack {{50*\left( {1 - G} \right)} + {45.5*G} + {90.55 \cdot \left( {H - 1.524} \right)}} \right\rbrack^{2}}*\frac{\left\lbrack {{DBPR} + {0.01\left( {{SBPR} - {DBPR}} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HR}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {80 + {0.01\left( {120 - 80} \right)*{\exp\left( {4.14 - \frac{40.74}{HRR}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}}$  The negative difference (RDEC − DEC) generates the warning of elevatedactivity on the previous day   Optionally this mode might contain anextra input for Provided by Food Energy PFE (in Kcal). In case thisoption   is initiated and used properly, daily weight balance isestimated at the beginning of next cycle as   $\frac{{PFE} - {DEC}}{4077}\mspace{14mu}{lbs}\mspace{14mu}{when}\mspace{14mu}{positive}\mspace{14mu}{number}\mspace{14mu}{means}\mspace{14mu}{weight}\mspace{14mu}{gain}\mspace{14mu}{while}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{negative}\mspace{14mu}{one}\mspace{14mu}{means}\mspace{14mu}{weight}\mspace{14mu}{{loss}.}$  Each new value (positive or negative) has to be added to the previousones providing with daily diet monitoring   and overall result ofdesired or chosen dieting duration.

DISCUSSION

Derived process for diagnosing and monitoring individual activity,conditions, and diet is based on established relationship betweenpersonal heart beats and true metabolic energy (instead of presentlyused estimations of mechanical energy) can be efficiently used forupgrading existing or designing new electronic devices capable of:

-   -   Estimating expected alarm conditions of dangerous activity by        comparing heart rate at rest with the instantaneous one. For        randomly-selected individuals “static” analysis reveals        trustworthy results.    -   Automatically updating age information along with changing        health conditions affecting heart rate at rest (see table        below).    -   Input new data regarding change of weight, medication taken, and        blood pressure.    -   Predict current and dangerous level of blood pressure.    -   Monitor energy output (see table below) and compare it with the        input (if known) resulting in weight loss or gain.    -   Further modifications for wireless communications with        authorized parties.

While the illustrated embodiment of the invention has been shown anddescribed, numerous variations and alternate embodiments, includingeliminating one or more of the steps or elements presented herein, willoccur to those skilled in the art. Such variations and alternateembodiments are contemplated and can be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention as mentioned in the appended claim.

Estimates of dangerous heart rate level and average daily energy outputfor randomly chosen individuals Individual 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 w/o w/o w/owith w/o with w/o with w/o w/o w/o med. med. med. med med. med. med.med. med. med. med. HRR, 60 70  (80) 71  (64) 80  (64) 75 60 65 65 1/minSBPR, 120 145 (150) 130 (160) 135 (150) 130 120 125 125 mm Hg DBPR, 8080  (90) 75 (110) 85 (100) 80 70 85 80 mm Hg Weight M, 70 90 100 100 8056 60 75 Kg Height, H, 1.75 1.74 1.80 1.90 1.68 1.64 1.70 1.74 m AGE,years 25 60 65 70 55 60 30 35 Gender G male male male male female femalefemale male HRMA, 1/min 149 117 (122) 108  (97) 121  (88) 103 148 143111 PHRI, % — —

— — — High BP, 127 155 160 138 165 142 154 136 130 132 133 in mm Hg 8586 96 80 113 89 103 84 76 90 85 Average 104 94 (101) 90  (80) 101  (76)89 104 104 104 heart rate 4 HR=^((HRR+HRMA)/2.) PIMR, 1.21 1.96   (2.33) 1.98 2.29 1.85    (1.93) 1.60 0.77 0.99 1.38 Kcal/min Dailyenergy 1,735 2,825 (3,355)   2,855 (3,298)   2,664 (2,775)   2,305 1,1101,425 1,990 required Kcal

The invention claimed is:
 1. A process of controlling a computing devicefor analytical, reliable, and instantaneous estimate of a personalmetabolic rate from heart beats allowing predicting individual limitsand evaluating activity, conditions, and diet, said process comprisingthe following steps: inputting and assessing individual information froma user at a time, said information comprising: user date of birth (DOB)input as a birth year number and a birth month number wherein obtaininga current year said device is used (current year number) and a currentmonth said device is used (current month number) a user age (AGE) isassessed:AGE=current year number−birth year number+(current month number−birthmonth number)/12; user gender (G), wherein G=0 when input is male, orG=1 when input is female; user height number (H) in meters or, if infeet and inches, is calculated with an equation comprising: H=(number offeet*12+number of inches)/39.37; user weight number (M) in kilograms or,if in pounds, is calculated with an equation comprising: M=0.453*(numberof pounds) a medication taking indication: where yes indicates the useris, at said time, taking medicine that is known to affect bloodpressure; or no indicates the user is, at said time, not taking medicinethat is known to affect blood pressure; a systolic blood pressure atrest in mmHg without medication, represented as SBPR₁; a diastolic bloodpressure at rest in mmHg without medication, represented as DBPR₁;wherein a SBPR, current systolic blood pressure at rest in mmHg, isequal to SBPR₁ if said medication indication is no; or, if saidmedication indication is changed to yes from a previous medicationindication of no, then previous SBPR₁ remain unchanged and obtainingsaid SBPR, or if said medication indication is yes obtaining said SBPR;wherein a DBPR, current diastolic blood pressure at rest in mmHg, isequal to DBPR₁ if said medication indication is no; or, if saidmedication indication is changed to yes from a previous medicationindication of no, then previous DBPR₁ remain unchanged and obtainingsaid DBPR, or if said medication indication is yes obtaining said DBPR;a value for provided by food energy (PFE) in kilocalories (Kcal)consumed by said user within a preceding 24 hour time period; personaldiagnosing through automatic detection a user heart rate while at restvalue (HRR), said HRR obtained, while said user is asleep or at aminimum conscious level of activity, over a time interval of a minimumof 30 minutes, represented as HRR₁ value if said medication indicationis no and stored to a device memory, and setting HRR₁=64 if saidmedication indication is yes and if no HRR₁ value is stored in saiddevice memory, calculating a heart rate at maximum activity (HRMA₁) withan equation comprising:(HRMA_(I))=[6*(1−G)+5.2*G]*[0.96*(1−G)+0.97*G]AGE−20/10*HRR₁*{80+0.4*exp[4.14−40.74/HRR₁]}*[50*(1−G)+45.5*G+90.55·(H−1.524)]²/{(DBPR)+0.01*[SBPR₁−DBPR₁]*exp[4.14−40.74/HRR₁]}*[50*(1−G)+45.5*G+90.55·(H−1.524)+62.5·H−0.492·AGE+0.5*(1−G)−16.1*G]·Mand calculating a present heart rate at maximum activity (HRMA), if saidmedication indication is yes, with an equation comprising:HRMA=HRR*HRMA/HRR₁, or calculating an HRMA, wherein HRMA=HRMA₁ if saidmedication indication is no, defining a daily mean heart rate as HR,calculated as HR=(HRR+HRMA)/2; calculating a systolic blood pressure atmaximum activity (SBPMA) with an equation comprising:SBPMA=SBPR·3+0.03·(SBPR/DBPR−1)·exp(4.14−40.74/HRMA)/SBPR/DBPR+2 and adiastolic blood pressure at maximum activity (DPBMA) with an equationcomprising:DBPMA=SBPMA·DBPR/SBPR; calculating a required daily energy consumption(RDEC) with an equation comprising:RDEC=10*M²*50*(1−G)+45.5*G−138+153.05·H−0.492·AGE+0.5*(1−G)−16.1*G/[50*(1−G)+45.4*G+90.55·(H−1.524)]²*[DBPR+0.01(SBPR−DBPR)*exp(4.14−40.74/HR)]/[80+0.01(120−80)*exp(4.14−40.74/HRR)];continuous monitoring: automatically detected an instantaneous heartrate value (HR) of said user; wherein HR is equal to HRR if saidautomatic detection is interrupted; outputting to said user aninstantaneous activity level, represented continuously as a comparisonbetween said user's HR and HRMA, and notifying said user when HR≥HRMA;an instantaneous systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure valueof said user calculated continuously with an equation comprising:SBP=SBPR·3+0.03(SBPR/DBPR−1)·exp(4.14−40.74/HR)/SBPR/DBPR+2; andDBP=SBP·DBPR/SBPR an instantaneous per minute energy consumption value(MEC), calculated continuously at minute intervals with an equationcomprising:MEC=M²*50(1-G)+45.5*G−138+153.05·H−0.492·AGE+0.5*(1−G)−16.1*G/144*[50*(1−G)+45.5+90.55·(H−1.524)]²*[DBPR+0.01(SBPR−DBPR)*exp(4.14−40.74/HR)]/[80+0.01(120−80)*exp(4.14−40.74/HRR)]summing every MEC value obtained during a 24 hour time period tocalculate a daily energy consumption value (DEC), and outputting to saiduser an instantaneous diet level, represented continuously as acomparison between said user's RDEC and DEC, and notifying said userwhen DEC>RDEC, calculating a daily weight change value in pounds whensaid provided by food energy (PFE) value was obtained, said daily weightchange value calculated as PFE-DEC/4077, and updating said M value withsaid daily weight change value.